Stopping PDA progression using inhibitors of CSC dissemination and immunotherapy

Abstract public domain (NIH RePORTER)

PROJECT SUMMARY Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA) is often called the silent serial killer, because it rarely causes symptoms and metastases have already spread from the pancreas to distant organs before the primary tumor can be detected. Moreover, the existing metastases may give rise to new metastases through dissemination of cancer stem cells as seen in breast carcinoma. Current standard of care regimens for advanced disease, such as Abraxane plus gemcitabine or FOLFIRINOX, have modestly improved survival, albeit at the cost of significant morbidity, and neither is curative. This underlines the need for new and/or additional approaches. Two issues need to be addressed in a concerted manner: 1) blocking the dissemination of cancer cells from the primary and metastatic sites, and 2) simultaneously eradicating existing primary tumors and metastases because metastases support continuous new CTC dissemination with metastasis-seeding potential. The intersection between cell- autonomous mechanisms, such as the RUNX3 developmental program; and non-cell autonomous processes, such as tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM) windows, cooperate to drive and sustain the high metastatic competency of PDA. The Runx3 developmental transcription factor coordinates a secretory program that stimulates migration and invasion of cancer cells and preconditions the metastatic niche for successful dissemination of tumor cells. Therefore, our main goal is to focus on evaluating dissemination mechanisms and therapeutic effects in mice with either low or high Runx3 expression.

Public health relevance public domain (NIH RePORTER)

PROJECT NARRATIVE Our hypothesis is that single tumor cells, educated by TMEM doorways become stem-like and disseminate from pancreatic tumors resulting in metastases in lungs, liver and other sites. These metastases then give rise to subsequent TMEM- driven dissemination causing yet additional metastases from these sites. Thus, with both the primary tumor and metastases begetting still more metastases, the patient is rapidly overwhelmed before treatments designed to suppress tumor growth have time to impact survival. We propose to circumvent this problem by defining treatment strategies to stop the dissemination of tumor cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.